AERI's unrivaled core brain implant-type biocomputer should brings 21st century innovation that dramatically improves the quality of military operations and operations
AERI interviewed Professor Kamuro, who specializes in theoretical quantum physics and brain science, about the state-of-the-art brain implant-type biocomputer that AERI scientists team is researching to Weigh in
Quantum Brain Chipset Review
to Quantum Brain& biocomputer
(AERI Quantum Brain Science and Technologies)
Quantum Physicist and Brain Scientist
Visiting Professor of Quantum Physics,
California Institute of Technology
IEEE-USA Fellow
American Physical Society-USA Fellow
PhD. & Dr. Kazuto Kamuro
AERI：Artificial Evolution Research Institute
Pasadena, California
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1.Unrivaled Core brain implant-type biocomputer
Equipped with AERI's state of art BMI that neurally connects the human brain and AI computers by making full use of cutting-edge nanotechnology and biotechnology, AERI's unrivaled core brain implant-type biocomputer should brings 21st century innovation that dramatically improves the quality of military operations and operations.
The state-of-the-art brain implant type Brain Computer Interface Device (BCI) under AERI R&D connects organic CMOS-based VLSI directly to the human brain for information processing. It also forms the backbone of AERI's state-of-the-art brain implant type molecular brain implant-type biocomputer in which the human brain is embedded.
AERI's state-of-the-art brain implant type BCI, which directly connects the human brain at the cytological and molecular level to organic CMOS-based VLSI, is the world's first and only artificial brain with an embedded human brain, i.e., which embodies state-of-the-art brain implant type brain implant-type biocomputers.
2.AERI’s BMI
AERI’s brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a rapidly advancing field of neurotechnology that hold great promise for improving the lives of patients with various conditions. BCIs enable direct communication between the brain and external devices, allowing individuals to control and interact with technology using their thoughts. By tailoring neurotechnology through BCIs, researchers and medical professionals are working towards enhancing the quality of life for patients in several ways.
(1)Restoring mobility: BCIs have the potential to restore mobility in individuals with paralysis or limb loss. By decoding brain signals associated with movement intentions, BCIs can be used to control robotic prosthetic limbs or exoskeletons. This technology allows individuals to regain some level of independence and perform everyday tasks.
(2)Assisting communication: BCIs can help individuals with severe communication impairments, such as those with locked-in syndrome or advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). By translating their thoughts into text or speech, BCIs enable these patients to communicate with others and express their needs and desires.
(3)Treating neurological disorders: BCIs hold promise for treating various neurological disorders, including epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and depression. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a common technique that utilizes BCIs to deliver electrical impulses to specific brain regions, alleviating symptoms and improving the overall functioning of individuals with these conditions.
(4)Enhancing sensory perception: BCIs can be employed to restore or enhance sensory perception in patients with sensory deficits. For instance, visual prosthetics that interface with the visual cortex can restore partial vision in individuals with blindness. Similarly, auditory BCIs can help individuals with hearing impairments perceive sound.
(5)Improving cognitive abilities: BCIs have the potential to enhance cognitive abilities in individuals with cognitive impairments or age-related decline. By stimulating specific brain areas or providing real-time feedback, BCIs can help improve attention, memory, and learning processes.
(6)Monitoring and diagnosing brain disorders: BCIs can be used for continuous monitoring of brain activity, allowing early detection and diagnosis of neurological disorders. This can facilitate prompt intervention and personalized treatment plans for patients, potentially improving outcomes.
3.AERI Studio
While BCIs offer exciting possibilities, there are still numerous challenges that need to be addressed. These include improving the accuracy and reliability of signal detection, ensuring long-term device viability, and addressing ethical considerations surrounding privacy and consent. Continued research, development, and collaboration among scientists, engineers, clinicians, and patients are crucial for advancing the field and tailoring neurotechnology to benefit patients' lives.
A brain–computer interface (BCI) is a system that enables information to flow directly between the brain and an external device such as a computer, smartphone or robotic limb. The BCI includes hardware that records brain signals – most commonly electrical signals generated by neurons in the brain – and software that analyses features in these signals and converts them into commands to perform a desired action. The major application of BCIs is to restore abilities such as movement or communication to people with neurological disorders or injuries.
AERI Studio, a data science company based in Pasadena, is developing machine-learning algorithms that will expand the ability of BCIs to interpret brain activity in real time. professor Kamuro, chief brain/neuroscientist at AERI Studio and research scientist at Caltech, tells Physics World about the company’s mission to create software that increases human agency.
4.Can you describe the basic ideas behind the BCI?
When neurons in your brain are active they create electromagnetic fields and changes in haemodynamics, which provide a few different sources of contrast. If you have a way to interact with those physiological mechanisms, you can extract information from the brain.
The brain contains up to 80 billion neurons, which have up to a thousand synapses each. It’s an incredibly complex piece of machinery. So interpreting the extracted signals is actually a really complex problem. We use machine-learning algorithms to decode the information. But once you have interpreted the brain activity then you can use it. This could be as simple as controlling a cursor on a computer screen, or you can scale up to interacting with robotic limbs, anything the mind can imagine.
5.What is the main focus of current BCI research?
In recent years, efforts have started to translate out of academia and into industry. One line of commercial research is centered around the electrode-based technologies that sense electrical activity from the brain.
Often the most high-performance BCIs are intracortical, where the electrodes are implanted into the cortex itself. One company is investigating how to get electrodes into the brain by inserting a stent into the existing vasculature, which then snakes its way up into the brain and implants itself close to the motor cortex. Famous Neuralink, Elon Musk’s company, is using very fine wire electrodes to create a fully implantable, fully wireless system with an extremely high channel count.
On the academic side, researchers are developing new sensing modalities, moving away from implanted electrodes. Optically pumped magnetometry, for example, senses the magnetic field generated by large populations of neurons firing together. Some of my research has involved the use of ultrasound to detect the motion of individual red blood cells in response to neural activity.
AERI Studio recently announced a collaboration with a company, which aims to release the first commercial BCI platform next year. What is the company developing?
The company uses the Utah array, an electrode array that’s implanted in the brain, which first came out of the University of Utah. Over the last 20 years it has been developed within academia, with a long track record of safety and success. The company’s goal is to package this into something that people with severe forms of paralysis – late-stage ALS, spinal cord injury and so on – can use to control computerized devices, such as a cursor on a screen.
Decoding an intended direction – moving a joystick to type letters on a screen – can be frustrating and slow. One interesting application, which came out of a group at Stanford, decodes imagined handwriting. Paralysed patients, who sometimes haven’t been able to move for decades, will attempt to write as they remember writing before they were paralysed. And the BCI device can decode that information almost as fast as you or I could write. This is an incredibly fast form of communication.
6.How is AERI Studio involved in this project?
Academics come up with wonderful ideas and we want to bring those ideas into a reliable BCI that potentially millions of people can come to use and trust. We use good data science practices to improve device performance, but we also want to improve the user experience. This includes faster and less frequent calibration, so people spend more time handwriting, for example, and less time training the decoder.
AERI also needs models that adapt quickly to the user’s brain changing or developing new skills. This is a big problem in BCI, that models need to be constantly recalibrated. AERI Studio is well positioned to stabilize those models over long periods of time.
7.Are these examples of “creating software to increase human agency”?
Yes, that’s exactly right. In the near term, what we mean by increasing human agency is restoring function to people who have lost agency over the control of their body. But as with every new technology, BCIs come with possible downsides, and we want to be aware of these even early on.
For example, these machine-learning algorithms benefit from training with huge amounts of data from many people. But how do you pool knowledge gained from thousands or millions of users without compromising their privacy? So we’re thinking up clever ways of protecting user data, while also being able to share these complex models and update them with community use cases.
We want to work with the community, including academics, commercial groups and users themselves, to create devices where user data is encrypted and kept behind firewalls and ideally never even leaves the person’s device. These are the sorts of principles that we’re putting together now and just getting started on what that means in software.
8.And how could developments in BCI hardware benefit people?
These days, electrodes come with some risks, as implanting them in the brain itself can damage brain tissue. Ideally, we’d be outside of the brain entirely and specifically outside of the dura mater, the brain’s protective membrane.
If you can make the BCI surgery so simple that it’s effectively plugging a hole in the skull but never touching the brain, it becomes a short outpatient procedure and looks a lot less like brain surgery. That, I think, is where future applications start to expand, because then the user base grows beyond just people who have severe forms of paralysis. Once you get to these kinds of scenarios, then even mild to moderate improvements in quality-of-life start to make a lot of sense.
8.What other BCI applications might be introduced clinically in the next few years?
In the short term, the big move forward is to higher channel counts. Remember those 80 billion neurons? A Utah array only records from maybe a couple of hundred neurons at a time. Being able to record from tens or hundreds of thousands of neurons opens up much bigger possibilities around the type of fidelity for motor intention that you can decode. Decoding intended speech, for example, is right on the cusp of something that we can do quite well today, but it’s not quite ready for commercialization.
In the medium term, there are new, less invasive technologies. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is starting to grow in clinical adoption and efficacy, for treating depression, for example. One company is doing electro-encephalography (EEG)-based motor rehabilitation for people who’ve had a stroke – this is a non-invasive BCI.
In the long term, you could create nanomaterials that move through the body or bloodstream, or combine BCIs with genetic and molecular engineering. You could amplify the ability of these technologies so that instead of sensing a broad signal, they start to sense individual cells or cell types associated with certain diseases. And they could do that throughout the entire brain, rather than just in the tiny scope of an electrode. Now you start to open up the ability to deliver drugs to targeted regions with no side effects. The possibilities become endless. And that’s really the most exciting thing about neurotechnology – we’re just at the beginning.
9.Core applications for reconnaissance or combat kill robots and military hardware/mass destructing weapons
Promoting basic research and development of various military hardware and weapons can have dual-use applications, including potential benefits for improving human prosthetics and medical devices. While it's true that advancements in military technology often lead to advancements in civilian applications, it's essential to consider ethical, safety, and regulatory considerations associated with such developments. Here are a few points to consider:
(1)Technological advancements: Research and development in military hardware and weapons can contribute to technological advancements that may have spin-off applications in the medical field. For example, advancements in robotics and neural interfaces developed for unmanned combat aircraft could potentially be applied to prosthetic devices or assistive technologies for individuals with disabilities.
(2)Neural interfaces: The development of neural interfaces, which can translate electric signals from the brain into commands for unmanned weapons or robotic systems, can have applications beyond military use. These interfaces hold potential for controlling prosthetic limbs, allowing individuals with limb loss to regain motor function and improve their quality of life.
(3)Sensory restoration: Research into military technologies, such as vision enhancement or advanced imaging systems, could have applications in restoring vision for individuals with visual impairments. Similarly, speech restoration technologies developed for military communication purposes may be applicable to individuals with speech impairments.
(4)Ethical considerations: While the technological possibilities are intriguing, it is crucial to consider the ethical implications of merging military applications with medical advancements. Responsible development and deployment of these technologies should prioritize safety, informed consent, and privacy, ensuring they are used for the benefit of individuals and comply with established ethical guidelines.
(5)Collaborative efforts: Collaboration between the military, scientific researchers, medical professionals, and regulatory bodies is vital to ensure that potential benefits and risks are properly evaluated, and that knowledge and advancements are shared appropriately across fields.
It is important to recognize that the promotion of basic research and development in military hardware and weapons should be balanced with a broader perspective on the potential implications and consequences. Careful consideration of ethical, social, and legal implications should accompany these advancements to ensure responsible and beneficial outcomes for society as a whole.
Moving forward, professor Kamuro insists that the AERI’s brain implant type molecular brain implant-type biocomputer has a broad range of potential applications in neuroscience research and brain–machine interfaces for clinical applications – particularly in view of its longevity and stability, which allows the team to study processes like learning in the brain.
“This is the neuroscience question we’re most interested in studying,” explains professor Kamuro. “In terms of clinical applications for the brain implant type molecular brain implant-type biocomputer, while we are a way out, we’re particularly interested in applications for prosthetics, particularly speech assistance. The goal is that, through the brain implant type molecular brain implant-type biocomputer, the recording of more signals from the brain can improve the quality of prosthetics and enhance our understanding of the brain, both in healthy and diseased states.”
The AERI’s scientists team is currently testing the stability and longevity of the brain implant type molecular brain implant-type biocomputer in the brain through long-term animal studies. Based on these studies, the researchers are also exploring what the neural activity recorded through the device can tell them about both short-term and long-term changes in the brain during learning.
“With the density and high resolution made possible by the brain implant type molecular brain implant-type biocomputer technology, we are promoting basic research and development of various military hardware/weapons assuming that in the future it can be used to help improve human prosthetics, such as devices that can translate electric signals from the brain into unmanned weapons such as unmanned combat aircraft, robot armor, military weapons or strategic weapons such as cyborg soldiers, as well as devices that could restore vision or speech in a patient. insists professor Kamuro.
“The brain implant-type biocomputer under development at AERI will be used for
(1) reconnaissance or combat-killing robotic weapons,
(2) anti-nuclear warfare robotic weapons,
(3) extreme terrain robotic weapons,
and
(4) munitions and weapons industry (Specifically, core applications to the military industry such as weapons of mass destruction)
are most valuable to our research institute,” points out Professor Kamuro.
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Quantum Brain Chipset & Bio Processor (BioVLSI)
Prof. PhD. Dr. Kamuro
Quantum Physicist and Brain Scientist involved in Caltech & AERI Associate Professor and Brain Scientist in Artificial Evolution Research Institute（ AERI: https://www.aeri-japan.com/ ）
IEEE-USA Fellow
American Physical Society Fellow
PhD. & Dr. Kazuto Kamuro
email: info@aeri-japan.com
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【Keywords】 Artificial Evolution Research Institute：AERI
HP： https://www.aeri-japan.com/
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