Satellite-mounted gas detection system

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A satellite-mounted gas detection system that combines national resilience solutions, global warming prevention solutions, and sustainable social infrastructure solutions By installing a remote sensing module as an option, the satellite-mounted gas detection system can be used as a gas detection satellite optoelectronic sensor that detects the point of gas generation, gas type, amount, concentration, movement direction, movement speed, etc. on the ground. As engineering technology, as real physical data, in addition to water vapor and carbon dioxide, which are the main components, various volcanic eruption precursor gases such as sulfur dioxide (sulfurous acid gas), hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen chloride are analyzed widely from sub-ppm to % level. Continuous collection (for example, once an hour) over the concentration range realizes (1) 24-hour continuous, (2) real-time, and (3) in situ observation (monitoring).

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[1] Detection/prediction/prediction configuration of ejected gas

(1) In the satellite-mounted gas detection system, the volcanic eruption gas detection infrared (IR) spectroscopy/FT-IR spectroscopy laser remote sensing module is remotely sensed eruption precursor data (global anomaly data). Using eruption precursor gas information, the artificial intelligence program in the system does not depend on human wave tactics, expert knowledge and intuition for predicting and judging gas generation sites, gas types, amounts, and concentrations, and individual differences, variations, and irregularities. , 24-hour, real-time, in situ qualitative and quantitative analysis of gas generation point, gas type, amount, concentration, moving direction, moving speed, etc.

(2) The ultra-high-power femtosecond laser, which is the light source of the satellite-mounted gas detection system, is used as a nuclear and conventional weapon neutralization solution.https://www.aeri-japan.com/) provides anti-fighter, anti-missile, and anti-ICBM next-generation interceptor laser systems (AERI/HEL surface-to-air defense systems/missile defense systemshttps://www.aeri-japan.com/anti-icbm-interceptor-lasersystem) uses a common high energy laser (HEL) module.

(3) Artificial Evolution Research Institute (AERI)https://www.aeri-japan.com/) has a super power of 50 MW class, a spatial resolution of 10 square μm to 10 square mm, a variable wavelength that can be selected from the ultraviolet to mid-infrared region, and a CW to femtosecond ( An ultrashort pulse having a high resolution and a high time resolution such as an ultrashort pulse width of about 10 fs) can be arbitrarily generated at an ultra-long distance of about 200 km.

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[2] [Summary]

Artificial Evolution Research Institute (AERI)https://www.aeri-japan.com/) provides a satellite-mounted gas detection system that quantifies and visualizes gas generation points, gas types, amounts, concentrations, movement directions, movement speeds, etc., through 24-hour, real-time, in situ qualitative and quantitative analysis. can be made possible.

In particular, this satellite-mounted gas detection system can quantify and visualize points where volcanic eruption-like gas emissions are detected 24 hours a day, in real time, and in situ through qualitative and quantitative analysis to take prompt and accurate responses. It will be possible to realize innovative progress in the system of volcanic eruption monitoring.

Traditionally, government agencies, universities, and researchers in local governments, prefectures, and municipalities with volcanoes have used man-wave tactics to install seismometers, inclinometers, and extensometers scattered (fixed-point installations) in volcano warning areas. Eruptions are monitored through instrumental observations using various high-precision observation devices and field observations by humans. In Japan, there are about 30 active volcanoes that are judged to require special attention. These volcano observation areas are covered by observations of upheaval and ground temperature by GPS installed scattered, as well as regular seismic observations, but the density and number of observations made by the observation equipment is completely insufficient, and the accuracy of the observation equipment is insufficient.・There was a problem of lack of accuracy and speed. This satellite-mounted gas detection system is an innovative technology that can solve this problem.

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Remarks: Infrared spectroscopy

1. 【Overview】

(1) Infrared spectroscopy (abbreviated as IR) When a molecule is irradiated with light in the infrared region of 0.8 to 1000 μm, individual atoms and atomic groups absorbs energy according to each period, and the vibration changes from the ground state to the excited state. This absorption appears as absorption in the infrared spectrum. A method of obtaining knowledge about molecular structures by analyzing absorption spectra, since atoms have unique vibrations according to their molecular structures. The most commonly used is the mid-infrared region (2.5-25 μm), where absorption spectra are vibrational spectra caused by vibrations involving changes in the dipole moment among other molecular vibrations. It is used to know the molecular structure and state of the object.

(2) When a substance is irradiated with infrared rays, the molecules that make up the substance absorb the energy of the light, and the state of quantized vibration or rotation changes. Therefore, the infrared rays transmitted through (or reflected by) a certain substance are weaker than the irradiated infrared rays by the energy used for the state transition of the molecular motion. By detecting this difference, the energy absorbed by the molecule, in other words, the energy required to excite the vibration and rotation of the target molecule can be obtained.

(3) The energy required for excitation of molecular vibration/rotation varies depending on the chemical structure of the molecule. Therefore, the infrared absorption spectrum obtained by plotting the wave number of the irradiated infrared rays on the horizontal axis and the absorbance on the vertical axis shows a shape unique to the molecule. This makes it possible to know what kind of structure a target substance has, and is often used to determine the structure of organic compounds in particular. In the spectrum, the portion with a wavenumber of 1500 cm-1 or more is called the diagnostic region, and the other portion is called the fingerprint region. The former results from vibrational excitation of single bonds, while the former binds double bonds, triple bonds and hydrogen atoms. Also, even for the same molecule, the infrared spectrum changes slightly depending on the temperature and surrounding conditions (whether it is moving freely, whether it is adsorbed on a surface, etc.). From this, it is possible to know the surface structure of the substance.

 

2. [Method]

Infrared spectroscopy includes (1) thermal infrared spectroscopy (TIR), (2) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and (3) FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). There are methods such as

(1) Thermal infrared spectroscopy (TIR)

TIR is a type of infrared spectroscopy that is widely used to determine the composition of matter. The constituent materials can be determined by measuring the thermal infrared radiation emitted from the entire object or surface, analyzing its electromagnetic spectrum, and comparing it to the spectra of known materials.

(2) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)

NIRS is a spectroscopic method in the near-infrared region. Equipped with a near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectrum analysis function that irradiates the measurement target with near-infrared rays and calculates the components from changes in absorbance. As a feature, absorption of near-infrared rays is extremely small compared to mid-infrared rays and far-infrared rays, so non-destructive and non-contact measurement can be performed without preparing sections.

Difficulties for practical use include the observation of overtones and triple overtones with near-infrared spectroscopy, and the difficulty of direct association with components due to the combination of various factors in light absorption. there were. However, due to the low cost of computers and the development of multivariate analysis (chemometrics), it has become possible to apply it to quantitative analysis.

(3) FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy)

FTIR is IR (infrared spectroscopy) in which the FTIR principle is applied (signals are recorded in the time domain and then Fourier transformed into the frequency domain). FTIR does not irradiate the sample with infrared rays of varying wavelengths, but rather irradiates the sample with continuous light and Fourier transforms the interference pattern to acquire an absorption spectrum corresponding to the molecular structure, and to identify the atomic groups ( method of obtaining information on The ability to simultaneously measure incident light over the entire wavenumber range of continuous light enables high-sensitivity measurements in a short period of time.

FTIR has transmission reflection method and measurement method. Permeation methods include the KBr tablet method, the Nujol method, the KBr plate method, the thin film method, the liquid film method, the solution method, and the gas measurement method. Reflection methods include the ATR method, the diffuse reflection method, the regular reflection method (regular reflection light), the regular reflection method (transmission reflection light), the high sensitivity reflection (RAS) method, and the like.

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