Satellite-mounted greenhouse gas detection system

[1] Features

1. The average near-surface atmosphere, excluding water vapor, is mostly nitrogen (78.08%), oxygen (20.95%), argon (0.93%), carbon dioxide (0.03%), and other gases. is configured. In addition, the average temperature of the earth is around 14°C at present. If there were no greenhouse gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, or methane in the atmosphere, the temperature would drop to -19°C. It is said that the light that falls from the sun to the earth passes through the earth's atmosphere and warms the ground, and the heat radiated from the earth's surface is absorbed by greenhouse gases and warms the atmosphere.

2. In recent years, industrial activities have become active, not only (1) emitting large amounts of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and fluorocarbons, but also (2) consuming large amounts of oxygen and rapidly deforestation. , 3) The progress of desertification, in which land that was originally covered with vegetation becomes barren, has reduced the oxygen concentration in the air, increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and increasing the absorption of heat. is starting to rise. This is called global warming.

3. Contributions to global warming by greenhouse gas are carbon dioxide 76.7%, methane 14.3%, nitrous oxide 7.9%, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, HCFCs), which are also ozone depleting substances. 1%. In other words, it can be said that carbon dioxide emitted by burning fossil fuels such as oil and coal is the biggest cause of global warming.

4. This carbon dioxide concentration has increased from 280 ppm in 1750 before the industrial revolution to over 400 ppm in 2013, an increase of more than 40%. Atmospheric carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide are projected to increase to unprecedented levels over the past 800,000 years.

5. The global average temperature has increased by 1.09°C from 2011 to 2020 compared to pre-industrial times. It is predicted that the temperature will rise 1.4 to 1.7 times faster on land than near the sea surface, and that the temperature in the Arctic will rise twice as fast as the global average. Each decade of the last 30 years has been the warmest global average temperature of any decade since 1850.

from now on,

(1) Greenhouse gas concentrations will continue to rise, or

(2) If the oxygen concentration continues to decrease, or

(3) As desertification progresses, the temperature is expected to rise further in the future.

According to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, it is projected that the temperature will rise by 3.3 to 5.7°C (SSPD-8.5) by the end of this century.

6. The satellite-mounted greenhouse gas detection system, which is a solution for national resilience, a solution for preventing global warming, and a solution for realizing sustainable social infrastructure, uses satellite optoelectronic engineering to detect volcanic eruption gas infrared (IR) spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy. By installing a laser remote sensing module as an option, the satellite-mounted gas detection system can detect greenhouse gas emission points, emission points, gas types, amounts, and gas types that are the main cause of global warming. As a gas detection satellite optoelectronic engineering technology that detects the total emission amount, concentration, movement direction, movement speed, etc.As real physical data, in addition to water vapor and carbon dioxide, which are the main components, various greenhouse gases such as sulfur dioxide (sulfurous acid gas), hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen chloride are constantly collected (for example, once an hour). and

(1) 24 hours a day, (2) real time, and (3) quantification and visualization through in situ qualitative and quantitative analysis.

 

[2] Greenhouse gas detection/prediction/prediction configuration
In the satellite-mounted gas detection system, the artificial intelligence program in the system uses the greenhouse gas information remotely sensed by the volcanic eruption gas detection infrared (IR) spectroscopy / FT-IR spectroscopy laser remote sensing module. Eruption predictions that do not depend on tactics, the knowledge and intuition of experts in forecasting judgments such as greenhouse gas generation points, emission points, gas types, amounts, total emissions, concentrations, movement directions, movement speeds, etc., individual differences, variations, irregularities, etc. 24-hour, real-time, and in-situ qualitative and quantitative analyses.
The femtosecond laser, which is the light source of the satellite-mounted gas detection system, is a counter-combat technology provided by the Artificial Evolution Research Institute (AERI https://www.aeri-japan.com/) as a solution to neutralize nuclear and conventional weapons. High energy shared with next-generation interceptor laser systems for aircraft, anti-missiles, and anti-ICBMs (AERI/HEL surface-to-air defense system / missile defense system https://www.aeri-japan.com/anti-icbm-interceptor-lasersystem A laser (HEL) module is used.
The artificial evolution research institute (AERI https://www.aeri-japan.com/)'s ultra-high energy laser (AERI HEL technology) is a 50 MW class super power with a spatial resolution of 10 square μm to 10 square mm, variable Any wavelength from the ultraviolet to mid-infrared region can be selected, and ultra-short pulses with high resolution and high time resolution such as ultra-short pulse widths of CW to femtoseconds (about 10 fs) can be generated at ultra-long distances of about 200 km. can be generated.

 

[3] Greenhouse gas detection/detection/prediction/prediction configuration
The Artificial Evolution Research Institute (AERI https://www.aeri-japan.com/) provides a satellite-mounted greenhouse gas detection system as a national resilience solution, global warming prevention solution, and sustainable social infrastructure realization solution. , The above satellite optoelectronics application infrared (IR) spectroscopy/FT-IR spectroscopy laser remote sensing module is mounted.

As a result, highly accurate global scale (1) 24-hour, (2) real-time, and (3) in situ analysis of greenhouse gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, dinitrogen monoxide, CFCs, etc.), which are considered to be the cause of global warming, will be possible. Observation (monitoring) is feasible.

By installing (mounting) a satellite optoelectronics applied infrared (IR) spectroscopy/FT-IR spectroscopy laser remote sensing module, the concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor (e.g., column average concentration) can be estimated.

 

[4] Economic effect of this system

As a result, the total amount of greenhouse gases can be measured by dynamic, real-time, and in situ observations using artificial satellite laser application remote sensing (satellite optoelectronic engineering application technology), instead of conventional satellite photography and observation point measurements, which are based on human seas and static observations. You will be able to make actual measurements and predictions. The economic effect of this system will not be less than 100 trillion yen. It can bring about a revolutionary evolution in the field of actual measurement and prediction of total greenhouse gas emissions, which has traditionally relied on human knowledge.
 

 

[5] Summary
As mentioned above, the satellite-mounted greenhouse gas detection system provided by the Artificial Evolution Research Institute (AERI https://www.aeri-japan.com/) has The Japan Meteorological Agency, universities, and researchers use human-wave tactics to identify greenhouse gas generation and emission points through instrumental observation using various high-precision observation devices scattered (fixed points) and manual on-site observation.・It is possible to monitor gas types, amounts, total emissions, concentrations, movement directions, movement speeds, etc. 24 hours a day, (2) in real time, and (3) in situ quantification and visualization through qualitative and quantitative analysis, solving the problem of climate change. It represents a revolutionary advance in technology.
that's all

 

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Remarks: Infrared spectroscopy
1. 【Overview】
1. Infrared spectroscopy (abbreviated as IR) When a molecule is irradiated with light in the infrared region of 0.8 to 1000 μm, if the vibration period of the infrared rays and the vibration period of the atoms match, individual atoms and atomic groups It absorbs energy according to the period, and the vibration changes from the ground state to the excited state. This absorption appears as absorption in the infrared spectrum. A method of obtaining knowledge about molecular structures by analyzing absorption spectra, since atoms have unique vibrations according to their molecular structures. The most commonly used is the mid-infrared region (2.5-25 μm), where absorption spectra are vibrational spectra caused by vibrations involving changes in the dipole moment among other molecular vibrations. It is used to know the molecular structure and state of the object.
2. When a substance is irradiated with infrared rays, the molecules that make up the substance absorb the energy of the light, and the state of quantized vibration or rotation changes. Therefore, the infrared rays transmitted through (or reflected by) a certain substance are weaker than the irradiated infrared rays by the energy used for the state transition of the molecular motion. By detecting this difference, the energy absorbed by the molecule, in other words, the energy required to excite the vibration and rotation of the target molecule can be obtained.
3. The energy required to excite the vibration and rotation of a molecule varies depending on the chemical structure of the molecule. Therefore, the infrared absorption spectrum obtained by plotting the wave number of the irradiated infrared rays on the horizontal axis and the absorbance on the vertical axis shows a shape unique to the molecule. This makes it possible to know what kind of structure a target substance has, and is often used to determine the structure of organic compounds in particular. In the spectrum, the portion with a wavenumber of 1500 cm-1 or more is called the diagnostic region, and the other portion is called the fingerprint region. The former results from vibrational excitation of single bonds, while the former binds double bonds, triple bonds and hydrogen atoms. Also, even for the same molecule, the infrared spectrum changes slightly depending on the temperature and surrounding conditions (whether it is moving freely, whether it is adsorbed on a surface, etc.). From this, it is possible to know the surface structure of the substance.
2. [Method]
Infrared spectroscopy includes (1) thermal infrared spectroscopy (TIR), (2) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and (3) FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). There are methods such as
1. Thermal infrared spectroscopy (TIR)
TIR is a type of infrared spectroscopy that is widely used to determine the composition of matter. The constituent materials can be determined by measuring the thermal infrared radiation emitted from the entire object or surface, analyzing its electromagnetic spectrum, and comparing it to the spectra of known materials.
2. near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
NIRS is a spectroscopic method in the near-infrared region. Equipped with a near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectrum analysis function that irradiates the measurement target with near-infrared rays and calculates the components from changes in absorbance. As a feature, absorption of near-infrared rays is extremely small compared to mid-infrared rays and far-infrared rays, so non-destructive and non-contact measurement can be performed without preparing sections.
Difficulties for practical use include the observation of overtones and triple overtones with near-infrared spectroscopy, and the difficulty of direct association with components due to the combination of various factors in light absorption. there were. However, due to the low cost of computers and the development of multivariate analysis (chemometrics), it has become possible to apply it to quantitative analysis.
3. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) 
FTIR is IR (infrared spectroscopy) in which the FTIR principle is applied (signals are recorded in the time domain and then Fourier transformed into the frequency domain). FTIR does not irradiate the sample with infrared rays of varying wavelengths, but rather irradiates the sample with continuous light and Fourier transforms the interference pattern to acquire an absorption spectrum corresponding to the molecular structure, and to identify the atomic groups ( method of obtaining information on The ability to simultaneously measure incident light over the entire wavenumber range of continuous light enables high-sensitivity measurements in a short period of time.
FTIR has transmission reflection method and measurement method. Permeation methods include the KBr tablet method, the Nujol method, the KBr plate method, the thin film method, the liquid film method, the solution method, and the gas measurement method. Reflection methods include the ATR method, the diffuse reflection method, the regular reflection method (regular reflection light), the regular reflection method (transmission reflection light), the high sensitivity reflection (RAS) method, and the like.