ASM
Anti-Ship Missiles
Quantum Physicist and Brain Scientist
Visiting Professor of Quantum Physics,
California Institute of Technology
IEEE-USA Fellow
American Physical Society-USA Fellow
PhD. & Dr. Kazuto Kamuro
AERI：Artificial Evolution Research Institute
Pasadena, California
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A typical abbreviation for the phrase "anti-ship missile" is AShM or ASHM, used to avoid confusion with air-to-surface missiles (ASMs), anti-submarine missiles (anti-submarine warfare missiles (ASWMs)), and anti-satellite missiles (ASatMs or ASATMs).
An anti-ship missile (AShM) is a guided missile that is designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea skimming variety, and many use a combination of inertial guidance and active radar homing. A good number of other anti-ship missiles use infrared homing to follow the heat that is emitted by a ship; it is also possible for anti-ship missiles to be guided by radio command all the way.
The first anti-ship missiles, which were developed and built by Nazi Germany, used radio command guidance. These saw some success in the Mediterranean Theatre during 1943–44, sinking or heavily damaging at least 31 ships with the Henschel Hs 293 and more than seven with the Fritz X, including the Italian battleship Roma and the light cruiser USS Savannah. A variant of the HS 293 had a TV camera/transmitter on board. The bomber carrying it could then fly outside the range of naval anti-aircraft guns and use visual guidance via the bombardier to lead the missile to its target by radio control.[citation needed]
Many anti-ship missiles can be launched from a variety of weapons systems including surface warships (also referred to as ship-to-ship missiles), submarines, bombers, fighter planes, patrol planes, helicopters, shore batteries, land vehicles, and, conceivably, even infantrymen firing shoulder-launched missiles. The term surface-to-surface missile (SSM) is used when appropriate. The longer-range anti-ship missiles are often called anti-ship cruise missiles.
In this lecture, professor Kamuro we will delve into the technical specifics, capabilities, and operational considerations of anti-ship missiles (ASM) mounted on submarines. These missiles play a vital role in naval warfare by providing submarines with the ability to engage and neutralize surface ships. Join me as we explore the various types of ASM, including their product names, manufacturers, specifications, destructive power, weight, speed, and other key features.
I. Overview of Anti-Ship Missiles Mounted on Submarines:
A. Definition: Anti-ship missiles mounted on submarines are specialized weapons designed to engage and destroy surface ships, including aircraft carriers, destroyers, frigates, and other naval vessels.
B. Purpose: These missiles significantly enhance the offensive capabilities of submarines, allowing them to engage and neutralize enemy surface vessels, disrupt naval operations, and project power from under the sea.
II. Anti-Ship Missile Examples:
A. U.S. Harpoon Block II Missile:
Manufacturer: Boeing Defense, Space & Security
Specifications:
Weight: Approximately 1,523 pounds (690 kilograms)
Length: 12 feet (3.7 meters)
Speed: Subsonic, approximately 0.85 Mach
Range: Over 67 nautical miles (approximately 77 miles or 124 kilometers)
Warhead: Penetration high-explosive or blast fragmentation
Guidance: Inertial with terminal active radar homing
B. Russian 3M54 Kalibr Missile (NATO reporting name: SS-N-27 Sizzler):
Manufacturer: Novator Design Bureau
Specifications:
Weight: Approximately 4,200 pounds (1,900 kilograms)
Length: 22 feet (6.2 meters)
Speed: Supersonic, Mach 2.9
Range: Up to 310 nautical miles (approximately 357 miles or 574 kilometers)
Warhead: High-explosive, fragmentation, or nuclear
Guidance: Inertial with terminal active radar or infrared homing
C. French Exocet SM39 Missile:
Manufacturer: MBDA
Specifications:
Weight: Approximately 1,450 pounds (658 kilograms)
Length: 15.7 feet (4.8 meters)
Speed: Subsonic, approximately 0.9 Mach
Range: Over 180 nautical miles (approximately 207 miles or 333 kilometers)
Warhead: 485 pounds (220 kilograms) of high-explosive
Guidance: Inertial with active radar homing
III. Key Characteristics and Features of Anti-Ship Missiles:
A. Destructive Power:
Warhead Types: Anti-ship missiles can carry various warhead types, including high-explosive, fragmentation, or even nuclear warheads, depending on the missile design and mission requirements.
Target Lethality: These missiles are designed to inflict significant damage and destruction on surface ships, incapacitating or sinking them.
B. Range and Speed:
Operational Range: Anti-ship missiles have operational ranges ranging from tens to hundreds of nautical miles, allowing submarines to engage targets at significant distances.
Speed: These missiles exhibit varying speeds, from subsonic to supersonic, enabling rapid target engagement and reducing the time for enemy ships to respond.
C. Guidance Systems:
Inertial Guidance: Anti-ship missiles typically employ inertial guidance systems, which provide initial navigation and trajectory control during the missile's flight.
Terminal Homing: To improve accuracy and target discrimination, these missiles often utilize terminal guidance systems such as active radar homing, infrared homing, or a combination of both.
D. Countermeasures and Stealth:
Electronic Countermeasures (ECM): Anti-ship missiles may incorporate countermeasure capabilities to counter enemy shipboard defenses, such as radar jamming or chaff deployment.
Stealth Features: Some modern anti-ship missiles employ stealth technologies, including low radar cross-section designs or sea-skimming flight profiles, to reduce detection and improve their chances of reaching the target.
IV. Supersonic Anti-Ship Missile (ASM-3)
The ASM-3 is a supersonic anti-ship missile being developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to replace the ASM-1 and ASM-2 missiles. The major launch platform is the Mitsubishi F-2. Planned Initial Operational Capability was 2016. The missile will be used by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It can attack not only ships, but also ground targets. Since the original model of ASM-3 had a short range of 200 km, it was not deployed immediately, and an improved model was developed from 2017 to 2020, and deployment of ASM-3A with a range of about 300～400 km started in 2021. In the future, it may also have a range of 400 km or more.
In November 2015, Japan's Ministry of Defense announced it would conduct a live-fire experiment of the XASM-3 in 2016, targeting the decommissioned ship JDS Shirane. In February 2017, an F-2 carried out a jettison test of the missile as a precursor to a live firing. Mass production was planned to begin in 2018 but stopped due to the further upgrade program that has been planned. Footage of a test launch was released in August 2017.
In 2019, it was reported that the ASM-3 would have its range extended to 400 km or more. Despite its development being completed in 2017 the missile was not deployed because its range (200 km) was deemed too short. The extended range is believed to be developed in response to countering the Chinese Navy's long range air-defense. The missile may be used by the F-2's successor once the aircraft retires in the 2030s.
In December 2019, the Japanese Defense Ministry secured ￥10.3 billion to upgrade the missile in the 2020 budget. It is planned to extend the range without resizing.
In December 2020, Japan MoD announced ASM-3A, which has been derived by reflecting the achievements from the development process of ASM-3 (Kai), and will mass-produce it with the 2021 defense budget. Upgrade version of ASM-3A, ASM-3 (Kai), will be continuously developed according to the schedule.
V. Conclusion:
Professor Kamuro concluded the lecture by stating “Anti-ship missiles mounted on submarines provide a potent offensive capability, enabling submarines to engage and neutralize surface vessels effectively. Through the examples of the U.S. Harpoon Block II, Russian 3M54 Kalibr, and French Exocet SM39 missiles, we have explored their specifications, destructive power, weight, speed, and other key features. These advanced missiles offer long-range, high-speed capabilities and employ various guidance systems to ensure accuracy and lethality. Their ability to strike targets from a concealed and unpredictable platform enhances the strategic impact of submarines in naval warfare. Thank you for joining me in this lecture on anti-ship missiles mounted on submarines.”
END.
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Quantum Brain Chipset & Bio Processor (BioVLSI)
Prof. PhD. Dr. Kamuro
Quantum Physicist and Brain Scientist involved in Caltech & AERI Associate Professor and Brain Scientist in Artificial Evolution Research Institute（ AERI: https://www.aeri-japan.com/ ）
IEEE-USA Fellow
American Physical Society Fellow
PhD. & Dr. Kazuto Kamuro
email: info@aeri-japan.com
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【Keywords】 Artificial Evolution Research Institute：AERI
HP： https://www.aeri-japan.com/
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